Chapter 01: Introducing the Human Body
Solomon: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology, 4th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	_______ is the science that studies body function, that is, how the body works.
a.	Anatomy	
b.	Physiology	
c.	Homeostasis	
d.	Metabolism	

ANS:	B

	2.	_______ is a way of thinking and a method of investigating the world in a systematic manner.
a.	Observation	
b.	Experimentation	
c.	Science	
d.	Research	

ANS:	C

	3.	All matter is composed of _______.
a.	chemical elements	
b.	chemical compounds	
c.	cells	
d.	tissues	

ANS:	A

	4.	Atoms and molecules associate in specific ways to form _______, the next highest level of organization.
a.	organ systems	
b.	tissue	
c.	organs	
d.	cells	

ANS:	D

	5.	A(n) _______ is a group of closely associated cells that work together to perform specific functions.
a.	cell	
b.	organ	
c.	molecule	
d.	tissue	

ANS:	D

	6.	_______ are electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms.
a.	Compounds	
b.	Ions	
c.	Lipids	
d.	Enzymes	

ANS:	B

	7.	_______ are sugars and starches that are used by the body as fuel molecules (that store energy).
a.	Carbohydrates	
b.	Lipids	
c.	Proteins	
d.	Enzymes	

ANS:	A

	8.	Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of subunits called _______.
a.	nucleic acids	
b.	ribonucleic acids	
c.	amino acids	
d.	deoxyribonucleic acids	

ANS:	C

	9.	_______ is a nucleic acid that contains genetic information that is coded in specific sequences of its component nucleotides.
a.	RNA	
b.	DNA	
c.	ATP	
d.	Amino acid	

ANS:	B

	10.	All the chemical processes that take place within the body are referred to as its _______.
a.	catabolism	
b.	metabolism	
c.	anabolism	
d.	energy	

ANS:	B

	11.	_______ is the building, or synthetic, phase of metabolism.
a.	ATP	
b.	Homeostasis	
c.	Anabolism	
d.	Catabolism	

ANS:	C

	12.	The body regulates metabolic activities to maintain _______, the appropriate internal environment, or steady state.
a.	homeostasis	
b.	environment	
c.	temperature	
d.	ATP	

ANS:	A

	13.	_______ activates homeostatic mechanisms that return the body to its steady state.
a.	Anabolism	
b.	Cellular respiration	
c.	Stress	
d.	ATP	

ANS:	C

	14.	Two structures that characterize humans as vertebrates are the _______, or brain case, and the backbone, or _______ column.
a.	cephalic; caudal	
b.	cranium; caudal	
c.	cranium; vertebral	
d.	cephalic; vertebral	

ANS:	C

	15.	In a positive feedback system, _______.
a.	a change in a condition that varies from the steady state sets off events that intensify the change	
b.	a stressor inhibits a response	
c.	a change in a condition that varies from the steady state triggers an opposite response	
d.	homeostasis is maintained by a variable stressor	

ANS:	A

	16.	The term caudal is sometimes used instead of the word _______.
a.	inferior	
b.	superior	
c.	superficial	
d.	anatomical	

ANS:	A

	17.	When a structure is closer to the body midline or point of attachment to the trunk, it is described as _______.
a.	distal	
b.	medial	
c.	proximal	
d.	anterior	

ANS:	C

	18.	The _______ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
a.	sagittal	
b.	frontal	
c.	transverse	
d.	axial	

ANS:	C

	19.	The term costal refers to the _______.
a.	neck	
b.	wrist	
c.	groin	
d.	ribs	

ANS:	D

	20.	The heart is surrounded by the _______ cavity.
a.	pericardial	
b.	pleural	
c.	abdominal	
d.	pelvic	

ANS:	A

	21.	_______ is the science of body structure.
a.	Physiology	
b.	Anatomy	
c.	Atoms	
d.	Biology	

ANS:	B

	22.	An _______ is the smallest amount of a chemical element that has the characteristic properties of that element.
a.	ion	
b.	atom	
c.	organelle	
d.	electron	

ANS:	B

	23.	A(n) _______ is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms.
a.	chemical compound	
b.	protein	
c.	ion	
d.	element	

ANS:	C

	24.	Each cell consists of specialized cell structures called _______.
a.	organelles	
b.	molecules	
c.	atoms	
d.	electrons	

ANS:	A

	25.	Tissues are organized into _______, such as the brain, stomach, or heart.
a.	organisms	
b.	body systems	
c.	organs	
d.	organelles	

ANS:	C

	26.	______ compounds are large, complex compounds containing carbon.
a.	Organic	
b.	Inorganic	
c.	Complex	
d.	Organ	

ANS:	A

	27.	_______ are complex organic compounds composed of chemically linked amino acid subunits.
a.	Nucleic acids	
b.	Inorganic compounds	
c.	Sugars	
d.	Proteins	

ANS:	D

	28.	_______ is a nucleic acid that functions mainly in the expression of the cell’s genetic information for the manufacturing of proteins.
a.	DNA	
b.	ATP	
c.	Glucose	
d.	RNA	

ANS:	D

	29.	The breaking-down phase of metabolism that provides the energy needed to carry on activities necessary for life is _______.
a.	catabolism	
b.	anabolism	
c.	cannibalism	
d.	energy	

ANS:	A

	30.	As the energy stored in nutrients is released, it is packaged within special energy-storage molecules called _______.
a.	DNA	
b.	ATP	
c.	ADP	
d.	RNA	

ANS:	B

	31.	_______ are self-regulating control systems that maintain an appropriate internal body environment.
a.	Stressors	
b.	Homeostatic mechanisms	
c.	Organ systems	
d.	Organelles	

ANS:	B

	32.	The body consists of right and left halves that are mirror images; it has _______.
a.	positive feedback	
b.	bilateral symmetry	
c.	body axis	
d.	vertical column	

ANS:	B

	33.	When the body is standing erect, eyes looking forward, arms at the sides, and the palms and toes directed forward, it is said to be in the _______ position.
a.	physiological	
b.	front	
c.	anatomical	
d.	standing	

ANS:	C

	34.	The terms _______ and cranial are sometimes used instead of the word superior.
a.	cephalic	
b.	caudal	
c.	ventral	
d.	dorsal	

ANS:	A

	35.	Structures located toward the surface of the body, such as blood vessels in the skin, are considered _______.
a.	sagittal	
b.	inferior	
c.	deep	
d.	superficial	

ANS:	D

	36.	The _______ plane divides the body into right and left halves.
a.	midsagittal	
b.	transverse	
c.	sagittal	
d.	frontal	

ANS:	C

	37.	The term _______ refers to the thigh, or part of the lower extremity between the hip and the knee.
a.	frontal	
b.	popliteal	
c.	femoral	
d.	tarsal	

ANS:	C

	38.	The region of the lower back and side between the lowest rib and the pelvis is the _______ region.
a.	lumbar	
b.	cervical	
c.	thoracic	
d.	plantar	

ANS:	A

	39.	The area between the anus and the pubic arch includes the _______ region.
a.	perineal	
b.	pectoral	
c.	plantar	
d.	tarsal	

ANS:	A

	40.	The ventral cavity is subdivided into the _______.
a.	cranial cavity and vertebral canal	
b.	abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity	
c.	thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity	
d.	vertebral cavity and pleural cavity	

ANS:	C

MATCHING

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.	Abdominal cavity	
b.	Pleural sac	
c.	Pelvic cavity	
d.	Pericardial cavity	

	1.	A _______________

	2.	B _______________

	3.	C _______________

	4.	D _______________

	1.	ANS:	B

	2.	ANS:	D

	3.	ANS:	A

	4.	ANS:	C

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.	Small intestine	
b.	Scrotum	
c.	Liver	
d.	Gallbladder	
e.	Diaphragm	
f.	Pericardial sac containing heart	
g.	Right lung	
h.	Left lung	
i.	Appendix	
j.	Testis	
k.	Urinary bladder	

	5.	A _______________

	6.	B _______________

	7.	C _______________

	8.	D _______________

	9.	E _______________

	10.	F _______________

	11.	G _______________

	12.	H _______________

	13.	I _______________

	14.	J _______________

	15.	K _______________

	5.	ANS:	H

	6.	ANS:	F

	7.	ANS:	A

	8.	ANS:	K

	9.	ANS:	J

	10.	ANS:	B

	11.	ANS:	I

	12.	ANS:	D

	13.	ANS:	C

	14.	ANS:	E

	15.	ANS:	G

OTHER

	1.	Why is it important to view the body as a whole?

ANS:	
It is important to view the body as a whole because all organ systems are integrated and dependent upon each other. Each cell, tissue, and organ relies on other body parts for oxygen, nutrition, regulation, repair, waste disposal, and protection.